Waste Tires and Industrial By-Product

Number of Vehicles Registered in Malaysia for the Year 1980 to 2016 (Malaysian Automotive Association, 2017)

Number of vehicles per 100 people (Source: The World Bank, 2015)

Discarding old tires is that they contain chemicals and heavy metals that leach into the environment.

Crumb rubber can be produced from waste tires.

Coal Fire Power Plant produce industrial waste materials such as Bottom ash, Fly ash that can harm the environment

Class F Fly ash from Coal Fire Power Plant used in this research project.

Manufacture Ordinary Portland Cement emit greenhouse gas to environment

Comparison of the seismic response between conventional building and seismic damping building